論文名 | Suppression of Hydroxycinnamate Network Formation in Cell Walls of Rice Shoots Grown under Microgravity Conditions in Space |
記事種別等 | Research Article |
著者名 | Wakabayashi, Kazuyuki / Soga, Kouichi / Hoson, Takayuki / Kotake, Toshihisa / Yamazaki, Takashi / Higashibata, Akira / Ishioka, Noriaki / Shimazu, Toru / Fukui, Keiji / Osada, Ikuko / Kasahara, Haruo / Kamada, Motoshi |
著者名(別言語) | 若林, 和幸 / 曽我, 康一 / 保尊, 隆享 / 小竹, 敬久 / 山崎, 丘 / 東端, 晃 / 石岡, 憲昭 / 嶋津, 徹 / 福井, 啓二 / 長田, 郁子 / 笠原, 春夫 / 鎌田, 源司 |
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抄録・内容(英) | Network structures created by hydroxycinnamate cross-links within the cell wall architecture of gramineous plants make the cell wall resistant to the gravitational force of the earth. In this study, the effects of microgravity on the formation of cell wall-bound hydroxycinnamates were examined using etiolated rice shoots simultaneously grown under artificial 1 g and microgravity conditions in the Cell Biology Experiment Facility on the International Space Station. Measurement of the mechanical properties of cell walls showed that shoot cell walls became stiff during the growth period and that microgravity suppressed this stiffening. Amounts of cell wall polysaccharides, cell wall-bound phenolic acids, and lignin in rice shoots increased as the shoot grew. Microgravity did not influence changes in the amounts of cell wall polysaccharides or phenolic acid monomers such as ferulic acid (FA) and p-coumaric acid, but it suppressed increases in diferulic acid (DFA) isomers and lignin. Activities of the enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and cell wall-bound peroxidase (CW-PRX) in shoots also increased as the shoot grew. PAL activity in microgravity-grown shoots was almost comparable to that in artificial 1 g-grown shoots, while CW-PRX activity increased less in microgravity-grown shoots than in artificial 1 g-grown shoots. Furthermore, the increases in expression levels of some class III peroxidase genes were reduced under microgravity conditions. These results suggest that a microgravity environment modifies the expression levels of certain class III peroxidase genes in rice shoots, that the resultant reduction of CW-PRX activity may be involved in suppressing DFA formation and lignin polymerization, and that this suppression may cause a decrease in cross-linkages within the cell wall architecture. The reduction in intra-network structures may contribute to keeping the cell wall loose under microgravity conditions. |
言語 | eng |
ページ開始 | e0137992 |
著者版フラグ | publisher |
著者所属(英) | Osaka City University / Osaka City University / Osaka City University / Saitama University / Teikyo University, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency / Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency / Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency / Japan Space Forum / Japan Space Forum / Japan Manned Space Systems Corp. / Japan Manned Space Systems Corp. / Advanced Engineering Services Co., Ltd. |
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刊行年月 | 2015-09-17 |
出版社 | Public Library of Science |
ISSN | 1932-6203 |
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資料種別(英語) | Journal Article |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137992 |
CCライセンス(BY) | この作品はクリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示 4.0 国際 ライセンスの下に提供されています。 |
権利 | © 2015 Wakabayashi et al. |