抄録・内容(日) | ドライクリーニングにおける固体粒子汚れの除去について知見をうるために, 洗浄効率, 灰色化率, 逆汚染率, および溶剤中での固体粒子の分散性に及ぼす溶剤, 界面活性剤の種類, 濃度, 添加水量などの影響を調べた。その結果, / 1. 洗浄効率, 灰色化率は互に逆向きの傾向を示し, 洗浄効率がよくなると灰色化も少なくなり, あるいは, 灰色化がはげしくなると洗浄効率は悪くなる傾向を示した。 / 2. 使用した界面活性剤については, これらの界面活性剤は洗浄性を増加させるが, その濃度については, 1.0%以上ではあまり差がない。 / 3. 水を可溶化した場合, 洗浄効率は界面活性剤の種類によって増加することも減少することもある。 / 4. カーボンブラック分散液による逆汚染性については, これらの界面活性剤の逆汚染防止能は顕著でなく, よくなる場合もあるが, 全体として, わずかであるが逆汚染の増加がみられた。 / 5. 溶剤溶液中での固体粒子の分散性は界面活性剤の濃度の増加とともに平均粒子半径は小さくなる。また, 水を加えた場合, 分散性は悪くなる。 / 6. 洗浄効率と逆汚染性, および平均粒子半径との相関性をもとめた結果, 予想されるような逆相関関係はみとめられず, 汚れの脱離と分散性は独立した機構によるものと考えられる。 |
抄録・内容(英) | It was intended to study basic principles about removal of particulate dirts on cloths in drycleaning process. Degrees of detergency for fabrics soiled by carbon black and redeposition indices for the clean fabrics, dipped in detergent baths containing with the soiled fabrics, were obtained in different none-aqueous systems varying some factors : kind of solvent and drycleaning detergent, its concentration and amount of solubilized water. "Cashmilon”, one sort of acrylic fabric, was chosen for a test fabric owing to its lower sorption and less sensitivity for moisture than wool. Particle size distributions of barium sulphate were obtained by sedimentation rate analysis in the same drycleaning solutions as the washing experiments were carried on. Suspendabilities were compared with each other by average diameters of their secondary particles. The results obtained were as follows: / (1) Inverse correlation was found between degrees of detergency and redeposition indices in a definite system of solvent and detergent, in the case of no added water. / (2) Degrees of detergency were increased with increasing concentration of the detergents up to 1%, followed by no increase beyond this concentration. / (3) The effect of solubilized water upon detergency was rather complicated. It depended upon sort of detergents whether detergency were increased or not by the presence of water. / (4) Protective action of the detergents which hinder carbon black to deposite on the clean fabrics was rather meagre, in contrary to expectations. / (5) Average diameters of barium sulphate paricles were decreased as concentrations of the detergents in drycleaning solvents increased. However, presence of solubilized water gave tendency to agglomerate the particles in dispersion. / (6) Scatter diagrams were obtained by plotting degree of detergency against redeposition index and against average diameter in the same solvent systems, but no correlation between them was found in the both diagrams. It was concluded that removal of particulate dirts did not relate just to suspendability of the dirt particles in noneaqueous solvent system. |