抄録・内容(英) | The modern image of the urban city results from the second half of the nineteenth century in Paris, which led an epoch of rapid urbanization, especially in the 9th arrondissement. Backed by the strong gravitation of people toward Paris during that time, the 9th arrondissement prospered as a world center in various fields, including finance, real estate, commerce, and amusement, which are indispensable fields in the modern city, as well as art and culture, which give France its identity. In 2020, about 150 years after this peak of rapid urbanization in the 9th arrondissement, a turning point has been reached toward the next stage of the urban city, namely, the gravitation of people toward the large cities that have expanded since the second half of the nineteenth century. With a focus on the 9th arrondissement of Paris, which symbolizes an epoch of rapid urbanization, this article first surveys the image of the original urban city, then imagines that of the modern urban city that has succeeded over time, and finally proposes a new image for the urban city of the future. |